A physician investigator is a physician (MD or equivalent degree) who serves as the primary, sub- or coinvestigator or monitors, supervises, or designs clinical trials and accepts responsibility for the safe and ethical conduct of a clinical trial, herein defined as a systematic experiment designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacoeconomics, safety, efficacy and effectiveness of a drug, biological, medical device (therapeutic or diagnostic), procedure or other intervention involving human participants.